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About 70% of women have gynecological diseases and often have many relapses. Especially those who have had unprotected sex or have given birth.

Periodic gynecological examination is an effective measure for early detection of gynecological lesions and infections (infections, vaginitis); Highway servical gland inflammation; Injury to the uterus (uterine fibroids, endometriosis, endometriosis…); Adnexal tumors (ovarian tumors)…

Women need to equip themselves with basic knowledge about common gynecological diseases for timely detection and treatment:

1. Vaginal infections

Bacterial vaginosis: A syndrome caused by a spectrum disorder of the vaginal flora: Decreased Lactobacilli concentration and increased anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. If you are pregnant, you will be prone to premature rupture of membranes, amniotic infection, premature birth, endometritis after childbirth and after cesarean section.

Symptoms: A lot of white blood, grayish white, very foul, especially after intercourse.

Treatment:   Metronidazole or Clindamycin orally or vaginally.

2. Vaginitis caused by fungus

Vaginitis: 75% of women experience fungal vaginitis at least once in their life. The cause is often due to prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics; Increased vaginal glycogen: Pregnancy, diabetes, high-dose estrogen birth control pills; Immunodeficiency; The vaginal environment is moist and wet.

Symptoms: Itching vulva, vagina; Sometimes there is a burning sensation, burning when urinating, painful intercourse; The vulva and vaginal mucosa are red and inflamed; The blood is cloudy, dense, and lumpy into patches like curd, lime mortar.

Treatment:  Oral, vaginal, topical: Nystatin; Fluconazole; Clotrimazole; …

3. Vaginitis caused by Trichomonas

Trichomonas vaginitis: is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.

Symptoms: White blood much, yellow or thin green color, foam and fishy smell; May itch, burning urine; In severe cases, there are signs of strawberry fruit: The vagina and cervix have small, speckled hemorrhages.

Treatment:   Oral drugs: Metronidazole; Tinidazole; …

4. Vaginitis due to lack of endocrine

Endocrine vaginitis: Usually due to lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women, the vaginal mucosa loses its superficial and intermediate layers to become very thin, vulnerable to injury and infection.

Symptoms: Pain in the lower abdomen; Painful urination, urinary frequency; Vaginal discharge is small, may contain pus or blood.

5. Cervicitis

Cervicitis: The two most common pathogens are Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. About 10% – 20% will lead to pelvic inflammatory disease causing adhesions and infertility.

– Symptoms: Yellow or green white blood, clinging to the cervix; The cervix is ​​exposed, red, swollen, and easy to bleed when touched.

– Oral drug treatment: Cefixime; Ciprofloxacine; Metronidazloe; Erythromycin; …

6. Cervical gland

Cervical ectropion: A benign lesion on the cervix. However, in the long term, if not treated well in the reconstruction process, cervical ectropion can progress to suspicious, malignant lesions.

– Symptoms: Pain in vulva, vagina; Unusual vaginal discharge; Discharge with an unpleasant odor; Abnormal bleeding in the vagina.

– Treatment: Cryotherapy / electrocautery of the cervix.

7. Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids: A benign tumor of the smooth muscle cells of the uterus.

– Symptoms: Menstrual disorders; Abdominal pain, back pain, pelvic pain; urinary retention; The abdomen is hard to the touch, and a tumor may even be palpable.

– Surgical treatment when indicated:

* Urinary tract in the muscle and below the serosa => laparotomy to remove the tumor.

* Submucosal ectopic pregnancy => hysteroscopy to remove the tumor.

* Urinary tract degeneration descends into the vagina => vaginal cutting.

* Total/partial hysterectomy: Laparoscopic or open surgery.

8. Ovarian cyst

Ovarian cyst: 90% of ovarian cysts are cystic, common in childbearing age. It develops when the ovaries contain fluid or a solid, bean-like substance that develops abnormally.

– Symptoms: Pelvic pain, low back or thigh pain; Pain in the lower abdomen, constant urination; Pain during sex; Irregular menstrual cycle.

– Surgery: Laparoscopic surgery to remove the tumor or open surgery.

Gynecological examination every 6 months and annual cervical cancer screening is the best reproductive health care for women. This necessary work helps in early detection and treatment of common gynecological diseases such as: Inflammatory diseases, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids or early stage cancer.